Each year more than 200,000 children visit hospital emergency rooms because of playground injuries. Many playground injuries can be prevented. Use this guide toexamine your children's playground so that they can run, jump, swing and slide to their heart's content�safely. US Publication.

- The National Safety Council -

Do you want to build a career working with children? Are you interested in working in early years childcare, education or playwork? This booklet describes how you can find the right qualification to support your chosen career path and complements the booklet ‘Work with Children’ which describes some of the career opportunities now available.

- Sure Start - 1-84478-304-9

Mick Conway - -

Seminal guide published in the 1984, 2nd edition published 2007

Harry Shier - National Playing Fields Association - 0 946085 012

Best Play is about how children benefit from play opportunities. It is also about how play services and spaces can provide these benefits, and how they can show that they are providing them. It draws on research, theories and practice from a number of disciplines and applies it to the field of public play provision, both supervised and unsupervised.

- The Stationery Office -

Strategy paper 2007

- London Borough Bromley -

List of locations

- CACHE -

The Cheshire East Play Policy sets out to establish the values, understandings, principles and objectives that will underpin and inform the way in which play facilities and delivery is performed across the borough of Cheshire East.

Guy Kilminster - -

Text of the UK Act, which imposes duties on local authorities regarding welfare of children, and outlines registration requirements for childcare providers, both compulsory and voluntary

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -

This article concerns a small-scale research study conducted during the first year of a playwork intervention with abandoned children living in a Romanian paediatric hospital. The children, ranging in age from one- to ten-years-old, had suffered chronic neglect and abuse. They had previously spent most of their lives tied in the same cot in the same hospital ward. They were poorly fed and their nappies were rarely changed. Although able to see and hear other children, they experienced little in the way of social interaction. The article highlights the benefits of the playwork project for the children�s development.

Fraser Brown and Sophie Webb - Fraser Brown and Sophie Webb Leeds Metropolitan University -

"Children's Play programme outcomes Getting Serious About Play defines children’s play as “what children and young people do when they follow their own ideas, in their own way and for their own reasons”. The Big Lottery have listed the following outcomes as vital to the delivery of the play fund portfolio. Although this strategy is not entirely based around this, the outcomes assist in the ‘scene setting’ for our action plan."

- Rochford District Council -

This working paper focuses on play as a discrete element of Article 31 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). Summarizing a wealth of contemporary research, the authors discuss in depth, the nature and benefits of children�s play, urging State Parties and adults in general to recognize, respect and promote play as a right of every child. Through play, children create a world in which they are in control for that moment, helping them develop an array of flexible responses to situations that they create and encounter. Children can create their own self-protection through play and it allows them to rearrange their worlds so that they are less frightening or less boring; transforming structures and crossing borders. Play contributes to many adaptive systems that positively affect health, well-being and resilience. Such systems include; pleasure, emotion regulation, stress response, attachments, learning and creativity.

By Stuart Lester and Wendy Russell - Early Childhood-related SAS Resources and Information -

This report gives feedback to children and young people about a review of children’s play. The review looked at how best to spend £200 million from the National Lottery on improving children’s play opportunities. (The report says that the New Opportunities Fund (NOF) will manage how the money is spent. Since the review took place, the Government has decided to replace NOF with a new body). The money was pledged in June 2001. The review took place between October 2002 and April 2003. It was UK-wide and covered children and young people aged 0 – 16 so the review looked at older young people as well as younger children, even though they may not use the word ‘play’ to describe things they might want to do. Frank Dobson MP led the review. His full report was published on 21 January 2004 and it makes recommendations to Government about how Lottery money on play should be spent.

- -

This paper draws on research in which 200 children were fitted with motion sensors and asked to keep travel and activity diaries. The findings show that walking and playing away from home can contribute significantly to children�s volume of physical activity, with consequent implications for their health. Not only do both playing and walking provide high levels of physical activity, they are linked to other behaviours which further augment the level of physical activity. Children who walk rather than use the car tend to be generally more active than other children, and children tend to be more active when they are out of their homes than when they are in them.

Roger L. Mackett and James Paskins - CHILDREN & SOCIETY -

A good practice guide to the safe siting, installation and use of children�s rope swings in trees. The guide is intended to help outdoor playworkers to manage the risks - and benefits - associated with rope swings, and to provide practical advice on how to install them effectively.

- London Play etc -

Although play is generally considered an important learning medium for young normally developing children, its value as a learning medium for young handicapped children has been less fully appreciated. Early research may not have portrayed handicapped children's play skills accurately, because many of the studies were carried out with institutionalized subjects. This paper reviews recent research on the development of play skills in young handicapped children, focusing on developmental patterns in various handicapped groups, areas of deficit, and implications for intervention.

Sally J. King - ournal of Early Intervention -

This General Comment has been developed to address these concerns, raise the profile, awareness and understanding among States as to the centrality of Article 31 rights in the life and development of every child and to elaborate measures to ensure their implementation. Article 31 rights have universal application in the diversity of communities and societies of the world and respect the value of all cultural traditions and forms. The rights are to be enjoyed by every child, regardless of the place where he/she lives, his/her cultural background or his/her parental status.

Committee on the Rights of the Child - United Nations -

A wonderful look back into the very early days of Adventure Play in Britain, a report from 1955, one year after it opened. There are things which will cause health-and-safety nightmares (days of innocence indeed) but the spirit of play in the community shines through. Lessons for today? Read on ....

- Crawley Adventure Playgorund Committee -

The authors examine gender segregation and cross-sex play in a comparative perspective. Although some level of gender segregation seems to be a universal feature in children�s play, taking an interpretive view, it was found that children in some peer cultures emphasize gender differences and ritualize cross-sex interactions and in other cultures, children seldom enforce gender boundaries

Hilary Aydt and William A. Corsaro - www.sagepublications.com -

This consultation document seeks to promote discussion about how we could all build a society with more and better opportunities for all children to play.

- DCMS/Dept SCF - 978-1-84775-139-3

For use with fixed equipment sites

- Unknown Authority in US -

How do you plan curriculum for your group of children? Do you plan by theme, weekly program plan, the seat of your pants, or the interests and development othe children? Most early childhood educators plan around a theme that corresponds in some way with a monthly event, season or holiday that is supposedly "of interest to the children." We assume that "doing the fall theme" around September or mid-October will be appropriate, year after year. Why not challenge ourselves to find out what is truly of interest, of relevance and meaningful for all those young people in our programs! If we claim that we provide child-centred programs for children, we must examine our programs, our approach and our curriculum.

Elizabeth Lightford - -

2001: This report sets out how best to invest the �200 million from the New Opportunities Fund, pledged in June 2001, for improving children�s play opportunities. It is the result of an eight month review that involved extensive consultation, commissioned research and drew on evidence from existing sources. * It looked at the needs of children and young people aged from 0-16. While the review process covered the whole of the UK, the report�s conclusions and recommendations are specific to England. It is for the devolved administrations to draw upon the review as they think fit.

Department for Culture Media & Sport - -

For the authority, agencies, organisations, residents, children and young people in the Halton area to work effectively together to ensure that all play and free time activities in Halton contribute to the Children�s Act 2004 �Every Child Matters� outcomes of being healthy, staying safe, enjoying and achieving, making a positive contribution and economic well being; and contribute to quality of life improvements for the community, particularly children and young people.

- Halton Borough Council -

child-friendly places. Today, museum vision statements often include a commitment to lifelong learning and young visitors are viewed as an important museum-going audience. Consequently, museums are looking for ways to design exhibitions and programs that accommodate children’s learning needs. In this context, the Queensland Museum developed a set of resource trolleys to introduce young visitors to museums and their collections. This paper reports findings from a study that evaluated the impact child-centered discovery trolleys have on 4–8 year old children’s museum experiences. Findings from this study add to the body of knowledge on this topic and may have important implications for designing museum experiences that stimulate children’s interest in museums and increase learning outcomes.

Michele Everett & Barbara Piscitelli - Visitor Studies Today Volume 9 Issue 1 2006 -

Fixed equipment checklist

- unknown -

Children need to take risks when they play.

Robin Sutcliffe Tim Gill - Play Safety Forum, UK -

Ellen Crain, an emergency room pediatrician, observes that young children play in the E.R. even when they are fairly sick. For example, young children with acute asthma nevertheless play with the toys in the waiting room or the equipment in the examining room. Ellen has been so impressed by the children�s behavior that she wonders if the need to play is innate. Ellen�s question takes on urgency today. Education policy makers act as if play is frivolous � as if we needn�t make room for it.

Ellen Crain - ENCOUNTER: Education for Meaning and Social Justice -

In order to begin a discussion regarding play and child development it is important to develop an understanding of what is meant by the term play. It is generally accepted that play is what a child does. It is his work. Children of all cultures and socio economic groups engage in play experiences in which the process is the same although the materials, environment and outcome may be different.

Yvonne Kiefert Adebar - -

This report provides a summary of the work of the Adventure Play Review Project Board which was established by the Children and Families Board in February 2011. The review has been addressing one of the Children and Families Board�s four key priorities � �Maintaining Play, Youth and Leisure Opportunities for Children and Young People and this report sets out recommendations on the future of delivery of adventure play in Islington.

- Islington Council -

This paper should be read in conjunction with the ‘A Personal List Of Events And Evolving Understanding That Have Led Playwork To Where It Is Today’ and ‘The playwork matrix’

- Mick Conway, Bob Hughes, Gordon Sturrock, March 2004 -

Play enhances every aspect of children’s development and learning. It is children’s window to the world. Play is so important that its significance in children’s lives is recognized by the United Nations as a specific right in addition to, and distinct from, a child’s right to recreation and leisure. However, children’s children’s opportunities for play and their access to play environments is changing.

- Canadian Council on Learning -

Young children use pretence in their interactions with their peers. This article focuses on their use of pretence to establish, define and formulate places within their peer interaction. A talk-in interaction approach is used to analyse video-recorded and transcribed interactions of children aged 4�6 years in the block area of an early childhood classroom in Australia. The complex and collaborative interactive work of the children produced shared understandings of pretence, which they used as a device to manage their use of classroom physical and social spaces.

Charlotte Cobb-Moore, Susan Danby and Ann Farrell - www.sagepublications.com -

Play Strategy and Action Plan for the New Forest With Revised Action Plan 2006 - 2011

- New Forest District Council -

To mark Living Streets 80th anniversary, we commissioned new research, spanning the ways different generations have made use of our streets. By speaking to parents of 5-10 year old children who are currently aged 30-40, and asking the same questions of today�s pensioners who have grown-up children themselves, we have built up a picture of how the function and feeling of our streets has changed over three generations.

- Living Streets -

This is a final report for the Early Years and Childcare Service of The City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council reporting on The Impact of Open Access Play Provision in the Bradford District. THE PROJECT BRIEF. The aims and objectives of the project brief were to: • Research and evidence the impact of open access play provision offered by the Play team at Bradford Early Years and Childcare Service. • Use the evidence to provide outcomes for children, young people and their families as a result of accessing open access play provision as based on those identified within the Every Child Matters agenda. • Identify the impact that open access play provision has on communities where the provision is based. • Provide evidence which can contribute to raising the profile of open access play provision as an effective service for children. • Use the evidence drawn from the research and evaluation to justify open access play provision as part of the children’s service agenda.

Brian Cheeseman - Bradford MDC Early Years & Childcare Service -

When mapping the distance thresholds and catchment zones for outdoor sports provision and provision for children and young people the National Playing Fields Association standards were used. This meant that certain sites identified in the green space audit could not be used, such as the Saffron Walden Golf Course as golf courses are excluded in the NPFA standards. Also where possible sites with multi uses such as outdoor sports sites with separate children�s playgrounds have been split. This was only possible where the base map showed he children�s playground as a separate block.

- Fields in Trust -

A global study on play asked children aged 7-12 a series of paired-choice questions in an attempt to figure out what they would rather do � watch TV or play with their friends or parents.

- IKEA -

The Government is committed to protecting playing fields wherever possible and to boosting the opportunities that young people have to participate in sport.

2001 - Department for Culture, Media and Sport -

In December 2007, the Government announced a �225 million investment (subsequently increased to �235 million) to support local authorities in improving play spaces for young people aged 8-13 years old. The investment will result in 3,500 new or improved play spaces, and 30 new adventure playgrounds in disadvantaged areas being delivered between 2008 and 2011. Academics from the Institute of Education and Roehampton University were appointed by the evaluation team to review the literature on play, identifying the benefits of play and how these can most appropriately be measured and evaluated.

Dr Sue Rogers and Dr Caroline Pelletier (Institute of Education, University of London) Alison Clark (Roehampton University) - -

In mid 2008, the Department commissioned SQW Consulting and Ipsos MORI to carry out a national evaluation of the Play Pathfinder and Play Builder programmes over the period 2008 to 2011. The purpose of the evaluation is to understand the impact of the Government�s play investment on children and parents� satisfaction and use of play spaces, as well as wider outcomes linked to children�s health and well-being, and impacts on local communities.

Dr Sue Rogers and Dr Caroline Pelletier, Alison Clark - DCSF -

Children’s pretend play is a complex phenomenon. Pretend play involves a myriad of processes and behaviors that change from moment to moment. Does pretend play have important functions in child development, or is it simply something children engage in to pass the time—albeit while having fun? This is a central question in the field of child psychology today. It is an especially important question for child therapists.

Sandra W Russ - LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, - ISBN 0-8058-3065-0

Play Policy in the Children’s Plan A summary

- Play England -

Summary of the key issues relating to Play in the UK Government's Childrens Plan

- Play England -

� IKEA has undertaken a major research-driven project to investigate the subjects of children�s development and play. � Survey fieldwork was carried out online in 25 countries by Research Now, London. Family Kids and Youth partnered with IKEA to design the questionnaire, analyse the results and provide an overview of child development and background to the importance of play.

- -

Results of survey carried out in several countries by IKEA examining attitudes to children's play. A unique undertaking. Crucial reading for all who work with children in formal and informal settings.

Family Kids and Youth - IKEA -

A commitment by the UK Government, in 2008

Department for Children Schools and Families - DCSF -

The innovative Foundation Phase curriculum recognises that children�s individual learning journeys are best supported by play because of the way play starts with the child and fosters a growing sense of confidence and esteem. As children spend a substantial proportion of their time in school, the professional play practice of teachers and learning assistants is pivotal in reducing the effects of inequality.

- Play Wales� -

US Publication. This audit allows the user to both judge the playground against published standards and also to prioritise actions for upgrading.

- ASTM -

Daily checklist for Organised Play Settings

- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission: http://www.cpsc.gov -

Stats for English Playing Fields, 1999-2000 and 2000-2001

- Sports England -

During recent years it has become evident that sport is not always a safe space for children, and that the same types of violence and abuse sometimes found in families and communities can also occur in sport and play programmes. Child athletes are rarely consulted about their sporting experiences, and awareness of and education on child protection issues among sport teachers, coaches and other stakeholders is too often lacking.

- UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre - ISBN: 978-88-89129-96-8 ISSN: 1028-3528

This study into the public play provision for children with disabilities has been carried out by Sugradh. The research is funded under the NDA Research Promotion Scheme. This scheme was established to facilitate disability groups and community & voluntary organisations working on disability issues to undertake research. The scheme aims to build the research capacity of such groups; to broaden and deepen knowledge of specific disability issues; and to inform policy makers and service deliverers of disability needs and issues. The NDA is committed to research using

Richard Webb - Sugradh � Celebrating the Child�s Right to Play -

In recent years, it is estimated that there were more than 156,000 injuries annually on public playgrounds across the country that required emergency room treatment. By following the recommended guidelines in this handbook, you and your community can create a safer playground environment for all children and contribute to the reduction of playground-related deaths and injuries.

- U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission -

The 12-month evaluation study aimed to explore play-focused and layworkspecific processes for evaluating the impact of playwork on the play and behaviour of children attending two play projects in the City of Nottingham. Drawing on a range of theories of children�s play, specifically theories relating to power and identity (Sutton-Smith, 1997; Sturrock and Else, 1998; Winnicott, 1971) and emotional health (Sutton-Smith, 2003), the study explored the relationship between playing and behaviour and the role of the playworker.

Wendy Russell, - Nottingham City Council -

Detailed Guidance on decision-making re retention of records

- ACPO -

The Council's Vision for Children's Play within its area.

- Rochford District Council -

Play Scotland's response

- Play Scotland -

The following checklist highlights design and management features which need to be included in the planning of play areas and in their design and construction which will help reduce opportunity for their use in crime and anti-social behaviour.

- Secured by Design -

A report into the future of UK play provision and the Playbuilder legacy (2008-2011)

- API -

On no other educational or child development issue is the body of evidence clearer � play is essential to the healthy development of children and to their adaptation to their culture, society and world. Beginning with the practices and views of the great reformers of the pre-twentieth century era, and continuing through decades of scholarly research, the conclusions have been consistently pro-play.

Joe L. Frost - University of Texas -

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the enculturative function of children�s toys and games in ancient Greece and Rome. Children�s play has been shown to affect their development on many different levels including cognitive, behavioral, and psychological. Play is also one method through which cultures work to enculturate children. Enculturation is the process by which cultural values and behaviors are transmitted from adults to children.

Jaime Marie Layne - -

The purpose of this guide is to examine the reasons why play spaces can limit access to some children and identify how improvements can be made to increase participation by all children in play.

- Sport and Recreation Victoria, Australia -

The Good Play Space Guide is about play and its benefits for everyone. Many children and adults who have a disability are not able to use public play spaces for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this guide is to examine the reasons why play spaces can limit access to some children and identify how improvements can be made to increase participation by all children in play.

- Victoria State Government, Australia -

A resource which will assist in understanding accessibility in play spaces, and guide the planning, design, construction, maintenance and management of play spaces. It will be a valuable resource for all organisations committed to inclusive sport and recreation environments for people of all abilities.

- Victoria State Government, Australia - 1-39781921331-00-8

This report offers guidelines on how pediatricians can advocate for children by helping families, school systems, and communities consider how best to ensure that play is protected as they seek the balance in children’s lives to create the optimal developmental milieu.

- American Acadamy of Paediatrics -

This national Play Strategy, backed by �235 million of dedicated investment for local play facilities across the country, is informed by extensive consultation with children, young people and their parents.

- The Stationery Office - ISBN: 978-1-84775-300-7

he enthusiastic support for our proposals in Fair Play underpins this first national Play Strategy for England. The Strategy sets out in more detail how we will deliver our capital investment programme from 2008 to 2011 so that up to 3,500 new and refurbished play sites reflect the needs of children, parents and the local community in every area. The accelerated roll-out of our new investment means that every local authority will have been offered at least �1million of capital funding by April 2009, so that better facilities can be made available to children sooner.

- DFES/DCMS UK -

- -

This study examines the play levels of children who have older siblings compared to children who do not have any siblings.

Benjamin King - ProQuest -

This study examines the play levels of children who have older siblings compared to children who do not have any siblings. An early childhood play rating scale (PIECES) was used to determine the play levels of the children. Sixteen children who ranged in age from 24 to 48 months of age were observed during free play time in a play lab. The children's play was coded using PIECES Core and Supplemental Subdomains and comparisons were made between the children in the 'only-child' condition and the 'second-birth-order' condition. Although the mean Core, Problem Solving, and Discrimination/Classification Subdomain play levels were higher for the second-birth-order group, results indicate there is not a significant difference between groups. [Link to Publication which is subscription based]

- http://www.docstoc.com -

Drawing on data from a three-and-a-half-year ethnographic study of Gypsy life in England, this article explores the orientations of Gypsy children toward play and the way in which play operates to affirm a separate identity and enforce boundaries.

MARTIN P. LEVINSON University of Exeter - www.sagepublications.com -

A Report examining the impact of lack of play opportunities in the lives of children allied to dietary, exercise and other factors.

- SPI Play -

The review presented here was undertaken by the New Policy Institute throughout the Summer and early Autumn of 2001. This project is part of the Children�s Play Council�s work for the DCMS which is primarily aimed at establishing how play and play initiatives can help to support wider government policies and objectives.

- New Policy Institute -

UK Government publication about encouraging opportunities for Play

- Department for Culture Media and Sport -

The focus of this document is on Government action to encourage the promotion of greater play opportunities for children and young people. It concentrates on the importance of play, as well as some of the key issues relating to it. August 2006

- Dept Media Culture Sport -

Virtual worlds have made notable inroads into the lives of children, affording online extensions of their offline lives In this article, we propose a conceptual framework for understanding the space that virtual worlds occupy in children�s play and the ways in which children�s participation in them overlap with their everyday play experiences, both offline and mediated. We argue that virtual worlds can be viewed as sites of convergence for children�s play in that virtual worlds allow for almost all aspects of children�s play to converge, primarily manifested in the convergence of social spheres, the convergence of play spaces and playthings, the convergence of cultures and the convergence of learning experiences. we explain how such convergence, while presenting valuable opportunities for children to learn and develop, will not be fully exploited without a corresponding ability on the part of parents and children to recognise potential risks; and for parents and educators to scaffold these learning opportunities.

Sun Sun Lim, Lynn Schofield Clark - Journal of Virtual Worlds Research -

Play Strategy of Waveney District Council August 2008

- Waveney DC -

as stated

- Wiltshire County Council -

This research has been compiled from a two year Play Ranger project carried out by a partnership of S&Y Social Enterprise, The Signpost Centre Stafford and King Edward V1 Community & Learning Partnership (C&LP). The work was commissioned by The Children�s Fund.

- Staffordshire County Council -

After several years of negotiations on an international level, the Human Rights Council of the United Nations has adopted on the 17th of June 2011, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child to provide a communications procedure regarding violations of the rights of child.

- United Nations -

The UK Government Report to the UN Committee monitoring implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child

- UK Govt -

Our understanding of childhood as a critical stage of human life has grown exponentially in recent years. At the same time we see a constellation of disturbing trends that devalue and endanger children�s healthy development.

- The Alliance for Childhood/ The Association for Childhood Education International -

A Handbook of Children and Young People�s Participation brings together key thinkers and practitioners from diverse contexts across the globe to provide an authoritative overview of contemporary theory and practice around children�s participation. Promoting the participation of children and young people � in decision-making and policy development, and as active contributors to everyday family and community life � has become a central part of policy and programme initiatives in both majority and minority worlds. This book presents the most useful recent work in children�s participation as a resource for academics, students and practitioners in childhood studies, children�s rights and welfare, child and family social work, youth and community work, governance, aid and development programmes.

Nigel Thomas and Barry Percy-Smith - Routledge - ISBN 0-203-87107-3

This guidance booklet has been produced by the Home Office’s Anti-Social Behaviour and Alcohol Unit, in response to demand from practitioners for an accessible guide to current practice in this field. It has been drawn up with the help and advice of a range of partner agencies, including the police and local authorities. It reflects what is actually being done with ABCs/ABAs, by agencies that have found this intervention an effective part of the toolkit for tackling anti-social behaviour.

- The Home Office, August 2007 -

The Complaint lodged with the United States District Court, CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA, by INTERNATIONAL LABOR RIGHTS FUND alleging conditions of slavery amongst child workers.The lawsuit was filed by the Washington, D.C.-based International Labor Rights Fund on behalf of children who were trafficked from Mali into the Ivory Coast and forced to work 12- to 14-hour days, according to the fund's news release. The children allegedly received no pay, little food or sleep and frequent beatings.

- INTERNATIONAL LABOR RIGHTS FUND -

- American Bar Association -

Seventy per cent of working children are in agriculture - over 132 million girls and boys aged 5-14 years old. The vast majority of the world�s child labourers are not toiling in factories and sweatshops or working as domestics or street vendors in urban areas, they are working on farms and plantations, often from sun up to sun down, planting and harvesting crops, spraying pesticides, and tending livestock on rural farms and plantations.

- ILO -

Notes re the 2003 Act

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -

This UK Act allows the police to designate an area, and having done so to allow a police officer to remove anyone s/he "reasonably" believes to be under 16 to their homes if they are out after 9pm. Widely condemned by children's rights groups, yet several hundred such areas declared by UK local authorities.

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -

This update on on-going abuses in the Tamil Nadu garment industry, as well as on the debate and actions to tackle the �Sumangali Scheme�, that is fuelled by the findings and recommendations of the SOMO and ICN reports. In May 2011, SOMO and ICN published �Captured by Cotton�. This report evoked considerable company responses and promises for improving the documented labour rights violations. Almost a year later �Maid in India� was issued, in which SOMO and ICN together with local human rights groups continue to monitor the commitments of brands, trade associations and CSR initiatives to take concrete action.

- Stichting Onderzoek Multinationale Ondernemingen Centre for Research on Multinational Corporations -

The Child Labour Platform was set up by The Sustainable Trade Initiative (IDH) at the request of the Dutch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment and in cooperation with UN Global Compact. As of 2012 the Child Labour Platform will continue as thematic initiative as part of the UN Global Compact Labour Working Group. IDH coordinated the Child Labour Platform as well as the publication of this booklet, which summarizes the experiences, practices and lessons learned, shared during the first year of the Platform. The Booklet thus draws on extensive input from the participating companies and partners of the Child Labour Platform.

- The Child Labour Platform -

This is a PDF of a website entry about the research The article highlights some of our findings from a study carried out in the brick kiln industry in Tamil Nadu, India. We have led both a qualitative and a quantitative survey. As child labour is a common factor in the brick kiln industry, we show that in the interlinked credit-labour market employers do not directly employ children, but they have implemented a system that constrains parents to use their children to improve their productivity. In such an environment parents use child labour to improve their bargaining power.

Augendra Bhukuth - Sage Journals Onlinr -

Because of poverty, the breakdown of the family, the demand for cheap labour, family indebtedness, household shocks due to HIV and other reasons, many younger children end up doing work that poses a risk to their physical and psychological development or to their right to formal education. The prevention and mitigation of child labour has always been an implicit element of the JFFLS approach through its emphasis on child protection as a guiding principle and through its aim to promote decent work in agriculture for youth.

- ILO -

A practical workbook to help companies understand and address their impact on children�s rights. UNICEF developed this Workbook to support your company�s efforts to better understand and address its impact on children � in the workplace, marketplace, community and the environment.

- UNICEF -

Corporate actions to safeguard any aspect of children�s rights must be undertaken in a holistic way where companies address material issues in the workplace, marketplace and the community. This is the key message that accompanies UNICEF�s release on 12 June 2012 of a new pilot Workbook for businesses that sets out a comprehensive approach to understanding and addressing corporate impacts on children�s rights.

- UNICEF -

A report of children�s views by the Children�s Rights Director for England

Roger Morgan - Ofsted -

This paper draws on my research of the European Convention of Human Rights with reference to education policy and practice. A brief historical perspective on the concept of children's rights is provided and the advocacy of a number of human rights for children.

Marie Parker-Jenkins - Council of Europe -

For nearly a decade now, the global chocolate and cocoa industry has made extensive efforts to tackle the occurrence of child labour in the cocoa supply‐chain. Efforts have been developed in collaboration with the Governments of C�te d�Ivoire and Ghana through the development of their National Action Plans, non‐governmental organisations and a host of other international organisations including the International Cocoa Initiative (ICI), the World Cocoa Foundation (WCF) and the International Labour Organisation (ILO).

- European Cocoa Association/ CAOBISCO -

The right of all children to be heard and taken seriously constitutes one of the fundamental values of the Convention. The Committee on the Rights of the Child (the Committee) has identified article 12 as one of the four general principles of the Convention, the others being the right to non-discrimination, the right to life and development, and the primary consideration of the child�s best interests, which highlights the fact that this article establishes not only a right in itself, but should also be considered in the interpretation and implementation of all other rights.

- United Nations -

The full text of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child Examination of the state of Children's Rights in the UK in 2008

UN Committee Rights of the Child - United Nations -

Children�s rights form part of the fundamental rights that the EU and the Member States are bound to respect under the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and the international and European treaties, in particular the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The 2006 Commission's Communication "Towards an EU strategy on the Rights of the Child" laid the foundations for an EU policy on children's rights, in internal and external policies alike. The communication encompasses a broad number of EU policies that have an impact on children's rights policy and initiated a process that helped develop a method, structures and awareness. The Stockholm Programme calls for an ambitious EU strategy on the rights of the child should be developed.

- EU -

Education is pivotal to eliminating and preventing child labour, to establishing a skilled workforce and to promoting development based on the principles of social justice and human rights. The international community�s efforts to achieve EFA and the progressive elimination of child labour are therefore inextricably linked. On the one hand, education is a key tool in preventing child labour. Children with little or no access to quality education have little alternative but to enter the labour market where they are often forced to work in dangerous and exploitative conditions. On the other hand, child labour is a major obstacle to the achievement of EFA, since children who are working full time cannot go to school. For those who combine work and school, their educational achievement will suffer and there is a strong tendency for them to drop out of school to go into full-time employment.

- ILO -

The Council expresses its deep concern about the fact that over 200 million children are still engaged in child labour, more than a half of which are in hazardous work. The Council reaffirms its commitment to protect and promote the rights of the child, including the right of children to enjoy education and to live a life free from child labour.

- EU -

The Council of Europe was established to defend parliamentary democracy, human rights and the rule of law. Pursuing the fundamental rights of everyone to respect for their human dignity and physical integrity, the Council is making a powerful impact on the protection of children from all forms of violence across the continent. Its varied components have contributed to making violence against children more visible � and thus revealed the size of the task remaining to prevent and eliminate it. This publication summarises and references the most relevant actions.

- UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre - ISBN: 88-89129-22-0

For the past 43 years, each generation of Palestinian children has grown up under Israeli occupation. The occupation has not only impacted their immediate physical integrity and mental health, but also their future. Children live in an environment of extreme instability and are exposed to violence on a daily basis. These conditions force children into adult roles prematurely and deprive them of their childhood

- DCI-Palestine -

The �Rights of the Child UK� (ROCK) is a coalition of voluntary organisations and individuals from across the UK pushing for the full incorporation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) into UK law. This submission is endorsed by the following ROCK member organisations, several of whom are large membership organisations in their own right: � Article 12 in Scotland � Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education � Children in Wales � Children's Rights Alliance for England � The Children's Society � Coram Children's Legal Centre � The Fatherhood Institute � Howard League for Penal Reform � National Children's Bureau � Just Fair � Save the Children � Scope � Together � Scottish Alliance for Children's Rights � UNICEF UK � Voice

- ROCK Coalition -

For child rights groups, the purpose of this brochure is to show the potential for getting involved in implementing the Convention. Case studies illustrate how mobilisation of civil society groups can maximise action to eliminate the worst forms of child labour.

Pins Brown - ILO -

Speech at the South East Participation Conference 22 February 2011

Dr Maggie Atkinson - -

As supply chain issues become increasingly important in the debate on business and human rights there is a growing need to identify and analyse industry-led approaches to these controversial issues. In this paper the author presents a case study of two industry-led responses. One of these is an industry-wide monitoring programme in conjunction with the International Labour Organisation; the other is a policy by a single company, Saga Sports (the world�s largest manufacturer of hand-stitched footballs), to eliminate child labour by eliminating outsourcing.

Sehr Hussain-Khaliq - Greenleaf Publishing -

In 2010, the Secretary of State for Education invited John Dunford to undertake an independent review of the Children�s Commissioner. On 6 December 2010, he published his report, which concluded that the role of the Children�s Commissioner was necessary and important, and made 46 recommendations, including ones which require changes to legislation. The Government accepted all the recommendations, in principle, and committed to consulting on legislative proposals.

- HM Government UK -

Strasbourg, 25.I.1996. Text of Convention ratified by a number of EU states

- Council of Europe -

Presentation in round table discussion at the occasion of the launch of Eurochild�s survey on children in alternative care.

Jan Jařab, Regional Representative for Europe - Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights -

Report on use of women and child labour in flower-growing industry

- International Labor Rights Forum -

The Secretary-General’s Study on Violence against Children (A/61/299) reveals the widespread and intolerable use of violence against children worldwide. The study found that violence affects both girls and boys of all ages, all social contexts, and all nationalities. The short and long-term repercussions of this violence are devastating—including injuries, disabilities, life-long emotional and psychological effects, sometimes death, as well as significant economic and other costs to society. The Study presents a comprehensive set of recommendations detailing necessary steps to prevent and respond to violence against children.

- CRIN and others -

The global economic crisis and its aftermath mean the world faces the prospect of a prolonged increase in unemployment, deepening poverty and inequality. Among those that stand to be most affected are the children of the world�s poor and vulnerable families. Increasing unemployment and poverty threaten to jepoardise children�s education, health and welfare. The result could be to halt, or even to reverse, the recent global progress in reducing child labour and increasing childrens� access to education.

- IPEC -

Two years after the crisis broke out its impact on the daily lives of millions of families, children and young people is clearly perceptible. Although the impact of the crisis is by no means uniform across the EU, evidence suggests that children and families are being disproportionally affected.

- Eurochild -

Human trafficking in the form of forced prostitution and labor has long existed in Iraq, as has forced marriage and domestic servitude within the family, tribe and community. Since the 2003 invasion and subsequent civil war, Iraq has increasingly been a source of trafficking victims who are transported to neighboring countries, as well as a destination for foreign workers who are at risk of trafficking and come to Iraq from the Philippines, Nepal, Bangladesh and other countries where poverty is widespread. Furthermore, internal conflict and breakdown in law and order has resulted in a rise in kidnapping and trafficking from one location to another within Iraq.

- prepared by Heartland Alliance for Human Needs & Human Rights -

joint statement on behalf of the National Commission on Human Rights of Korea, the Irish Human Rights Commission, the Advisory Council on Human Rights of Morocco, the German Institute for Human Rights, the Ombudsman of Namibia, the National Commission on Human Rights of Togo, the Commission on Human Rights of Indonesia (Komnas Ham), the Equality and Human Rights Commission of Great Britain, the Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines, and the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights.

- Joint NHRI -

No Fear joins the increasingly vigorous debate about the role and nature of childhood in the UK. Over the past 30 years activities that previous generations of children enjoyed without a second thought have been relabelled as troubling or dangerous, and the adults who permit them branded as irresponsible. No Fear argues that childhood is being undermined by the growth of risk aversion and its intrusion into every aspect of children’s lives. This restricts children’s play, limits their freedom of movement, corrodes their relationships with adults and constrains their exploration of physical, social and virtual worlds.

Tim Gill - Gulbenkian -

This paper presents the Office of the Children�s Commissioner�s child rights impact assessment of the Welfare Reform Bill. The purpose of such an assessment is to identify the likely impact of draft legislative provisions on the promotion and realisation of children�s rights. We assess the Bill against the rights set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC); the Human Rights Act 1998, which incorporates provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) into domestic law; and other international human rights obligations. We also have regard to the interpretative comments of the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), and case-law and comments of domestic and international courts and treaty bodies.

January 2012 - Office of the Children�s Commissioner -

"It is encouraging to note that much progress has been made since you met for the first time, almost one year ago, to explore the possibility of elaborating an Optional Protocol. In the course of your deliberations at that time it became clear that there was a need for an instrument providing children the same level of protection envisaged for right holders by other international core human rights treaties. Following your discussions, the Council extended the mandate of the Working Group and requested its Chairperson to prepare a proposal for a draft.

Ms. Navanethem Pillay - United Nations -

Optional Protocol to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child enabling representations to be made re breach of convention rights

- United Nations -

THE UN COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD (UNCRC) EXAMINED THE UK GOVERNMENT IN SEPTEMBER 2008 TO SEE HOW WELL IT IS PROTECTING CHILDREN�S HUMAN RIGHTS. THE COMMITTEE MEETS EVERY FOUR TO FIVE YEARS TO REVIEW THE PROGRESS THAT HAS BEEN MADE. INFORMATION ON THE PROGRESS THAT HAD BEEN MADE WAS PROVIDED BY THE FOUR UK GOVERNMENTS (ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, NORTHERN IRELAND AND WALES), AND OTHER ORGANISATIONS WHO HAVE AN INTEREST IN CHILDREN�S RIGHTS. THE UN COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD ASKED A NUMBER OF QUESTIONS ABOUT KEY PRIORITIES AND THE FOLLOWING WERE AGREED FOR WALES AND SUBMITTED TO THE UN COMMITTEE.

- WELSH ASSEMBLY GOVERNMENT -

In the last few years there has been increasing interest in the process of public procurement. The emphasis is often on the flaws of the tender processes, such as corruption and disregard for the rule of law, and there is seldom sufficient attention paid to the consequences of the flawed tenders on the rights of the beneficiaries of procured services. The case of Freedom Stationery (Pty) Ltd v The Member of the Executive Council for Education, Eastern Cape 392 / 428 1 (the "Freedom Stationery" case) is an exception to this largely due to the intervention of the Centre for Child Law as an amicus. Acknowledging that the realisation of the rights of children was affected by the irregular tender process, the court considered the children's education rights when deciding on whether or not to grant the interim interdict in favour of the applicants. The case illustrates how the constitutional rights of children provide the courts with the tools to consider the impact on children's rights and interests of the irregular tender processes regarding services for children.

M Couzens - P.E.R. -

Services for disabled children in England and Wales are the proverbial =postcode lottery. This situation persists despite an underpinning set of legislation, regulations and statutory guidance which should provide for consistency in decision-making. Yet the experience of families with disabled children (as told to voluntary organisations such as the Council for Disabled Children and Contact a Family) is that decisions are frequently made about what support (if any) their families will receive with total disregard to the statutory scheme. As a result, hardly any families with disabled children actually receive any support from the state that might traditionally be described as �social care�.

Steve Broach, Doughty Street Chambers - -

This report, based on the in-depth study of Paulo Sérgio Pinheiro, independent expert appointed by the Secretary-General, provides a global picture of violence against children and proposes recommendations to prevent and respond to this issue. It provides information on the incidence of various types of violence against children within the family, schools, alternative care institutions and detention facilities, places where children work and communities.

Independent Expert, The - United Nations - A/61/299

This is the second Report on the trial of the extension of the use of TASER to specially trained units from 1st September 2007.

- Home Office UK -

The nursery setting can be viewed as a meeting place for diverse individual and group identities (DECET, 2008). Under the UNCRC (1989), every child from birth, along with other rights, has a right to an identity (Article 8) and non discrimination (Article 2). Balancing between developing positive individual and diverse identities with more collective and universal identities is a challenge for every early years setting. Seminar report.

Kristina Konstantoni - EERA -

The recommendations in this report strengthen the remit, powers and independence of the Commissioner, which will set the Commissioner apart from the many children�s organisations and provide the Commissioner with a unique role.

- Department for Education/HMSO -

This article uses spatial analysis to explore the nature of child labour in colonial Ghana (the Gold Coast). Spatial analysis of traditional archival sources and secondary literature demonstrates that our historical knowledge of child labour is narrowly focused on the colony�s most �colonial� spaces and institutions. This article uses a novel set of sources � primarily autobiographies and probation records � to begin filling in the epistemological void surrounding the use of child labour in the domestic economy. Spatial analysis of these sources reveals that children were vital economic actors at scales ranging from the hearth and the household, to the town and the region.

Jack Lord - Polyvocia � The SOAS Journal of Graduate Research, Vol 2 -

The State of Children�s Rights report 2011 provides a non-government perspective on the extent to which children in Scotland are able to enjoy their rights enshrined in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). It reflects on the progress made over the past year since the publication of Together�s 2010 State of Children�s Rights report, discussing what progress has been made and where further efforts are needed.

- Together -

The status quo and application of ....

- not stated -

Pursuant to resolution 64/146, the implementation of child rights in early childhood is the focus of section IV of the present report, which highlights roles and responsibilities at different levels for the fulfilment in early childhood of the rights to survival, development, protection and participation.

Report of the Secretary-General - United Nations -

Concern for street children in the UK has been low, principally because not many are seen: the last rough sleeper count found only two under-18 year olds sleeping rough. However young people who run away often choose to sleep in dangerous places, and the number of runaways is increasing, leading to growing concern about street children in Britain.

Charlie Bretherton - SSSK -

Concern for street children in the UK has been low, principally because not many are seen: the last rough sleeper count found only two under-18 year olds sleeping rough. However young people who run away often choose to sleep in dangerous places, and the number of runaways is increasing, leading to growing concern about street children in Britain.

Charlie Bretherton - Charlie Bretherton -

Child labor on sugarcane plantations in the Philippines

- Terre des Hommes Netherlands, 2005 -

"The Child Labor Product List takes the important step of creating a platform from which consumers and other market actors can fully participate, through advocacy or simply through their daily purchasing decisions, in informing companies and policy-makers of their desires over how to help meaningfully change the lives of child laborers for the better by promoting sustainable solutions for economic development through their own economic decisions."

- US Department of Labor -

This research project covers the core principles of children�s rights; best interest of the child, non-discrimination, survival and development and participation rights of the African child as enshrined in the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (African Children's Charter).

Priscilla Yachat Ankut - Priscilla Yachat Ankut -

People around the world share a love of chocolate, one of the most delicious and pleasurable foods on earth. However, thousands of Africa’s children are forced to labor in the production of cocoa, chocolate’s primary ingredient. The West African nation of Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast) is the leading supplier of cocoa, accounting for more than 40% of global production. Low cocoa prices and lower labor costs drive farmers to employ children as a means to survive.

- International Labor Rights Forum -

The question of the ratification of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) has been a subject of public and academic debate in the US. Yet, most of this discussion has focused on the Convention�s potential influence on a number of specific issues such as abortion, parental rights, and children litigating against their parents. Missing from this debate is an emphasis on a broader evaluation of the conceptual change in the meaning of childhood and children�s rights embedded in the Convention.

Tamar Morag - Tamar Morag -

Conference presentation

- European Union -

English Version: Basic facts and figures about the blockade

- AIDS -

Arabic Version - Facts and figures about the Gaza Blockade

- AIDA -

The global economic crisis and its aftermath mean the world faces the prospect of a prolonged increase in unemployment, deepening poverty and inequality. Among those that stand to be most affected are the children of the world�s poor and vulnerable families. Increasing unemployment and poverty threaten to jepoardise children�s education, health and welfare. The result could be to halt, or even to reverse, the recent global progress in reducing child labour and increasing childrens� access to education.

- ILO -

Briefing note

- NGO On Child Labour -

Changes in urban lifestyles have seemingly influenced an attitudinal shift towards children�s play and their recreation and leisure activities. Unfortunately, the child�s right to "play" is not being given adequate priority by communities, governments and other social institutions around the globe (UNICEF, 1998, p. 420). This paper discusses the impact of recent trends in urbanization on policies and attitudes to children�s play and examines some of the key factors that may be contributing to a contemporary undervaluing of children�s play and their relaxation.

Dr Rita Shackel, Senior Lecturer, Sydney Law School, The University of Sydney. - Sydney Law School -

There is one aspect of corporal punishment which is rarely mentioned, but should be: its sexual side. Some people experience a profound psychological need to dominate a defenseless victim, including the need to inflict terror and pain by beating. This compulsion probably has its origin in their own early experience of cruelty at some critical stage of their development

- Parents and Teachers Against Violence in Education -

Head of UN Children�s Fund Addresses Committee; also Hears Special Envoys On Children and Armed Conflict, Violence against Children, Sale of Children

- United Nations -

NGO alternative report to the Committee on the Rights of the Child – ENGLAND

- Children’s Rights Alliance for England -

The seminal international Convention on Children's Rights signed up to by the vast majority of nations.

- UNICEF -

We are asked to decide whether the actions of a child protective services caseworker and deputy sheriff, understandably concerned for the well-being of two young girls, exceeded the bounds of the constitution. Specifically, the girls� mother, Sarah Greene, alleges, on behalf of S.G., one of her children, that the caseworker, Bob Camreta, and deputy sheriff, James Alford, violated the Fourth Amendment when they seized and interrogated S.G. in a private office at her school for two hours without a warrant, probable cause, or parental consent.

Opinion by Judge Berzon - -

Do you want to build a career working with children? Are you interested in working in early years childcare, education or playwork? This booklet describes how you can find the right qualification to support your chosen career path and complements the booklet �Work with Children� which describes some of the career opportunities now available.

- Sure Start -

Notes for the 2006 Act

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -

This UK Act imposes certain obligations upon local authorities re children's well-being and establishes new voluntary and compulsory registration requirements on childcare providers

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -

This is the seventh annual childcare costs survey conducted by Daycare Trust, the National Childcare Campaign. This year’s survey shows that childcare costs continue to rise in England and Wales while costs in Scotland have slightly fallen. Parents also continue to report a lack of affordable childcare in their area.

- DayCare Trust -

"I have completed the Review of Early Intervention requested by the Government last June and am delivering it ahead of time. I hope it will be helpful that there are no requests for legislation and no requests for immediate public spending. Should you accept and act upon the recommendations, not only will the life chances of so many children be enhanced but I would also expect considerable dividends to be paid to the taxpayer and government on a recurring basis."

Graham Allen MP - The Stationery Office -

Use of childcare varies greatly between parents of disabled children, and the type and level of the child’s disability may be a factor affecting their use.

- DayCare Trust -

Use of childcare varies greatly between parents of disabled children, and the type and level of the child’s disability may be a factor affecting their use. Some parents of children with severe and complex additional needs who we spoke to used very little or no formal childcare, instead becoming full time carers themselves and/or relying on Direct Payments to employ care workers in the home. Use of childcare was also low among parents of autistic children we spoke to who felt that childcare settings are generally not appropriate for their children whose needs are distinct from those of other disabled children. Many felt that childcare opportunities are not equal among parents, with some having access to places that other parents have not.

- Daycare Trust -

Save the Children and Daycare Trust believe that affordable, accessible and high-quality childcare has a vital role to play in tackling child poverty.

- Save The Children -

As the leading national champion of out of school provision 4Children has been closely monitoring the impact of budget cuts and shifting policy priorities. In addition, we were concerned that the pressures on parents caused by the changing economic climate, struggles with increasing unemployment, changing working patterns and stretched household finances may be adversely affecting childcare providers. To ensure we had a full picture from the frontline we decided to undertake a national survey of childcare providers.

- 4Children -

Scottish Pre-school Play Association Annual Review 2008-2009

- Scottish Pre-school Play Association -

Ofsted will be using two new childcare provider registers from September 2008. This document introduces them, explains the new arrangements for registration and highlights exemptions to registration. Age group:

- Ofsted -

The Government’s National Childcare Strategy, launched in May 1998, presented an opportunity for more children and parents to access quality, affordable childcare services in the UK than ever before. Now, three years on, childcare is high up the political agenda but British parents continue to pick up most of the childcare bill despite the substantial sums of Government money being spent on childcare. The availability and cost of formal childcare have grown in importance in recent decades as increasing numbers of mothers return to paid employment rather than undertake full time care of their children. In 2001, almost 58% of mothers with children under five are in work2. A recent MORI survey found that 75% of parents say that working parents do not have enough childcare and two thirds believe that more affordable childcare is essential to help mothers return to work3.

- Daycare Trust -

This paper argues we need now to review a number of critical issues, for example about - the age range of early childhood, staffing, funding, entitlement, types of provision and providers, the balance between prescription and diversity, our image of the child. It also argues that being a member of a European community, with so many partners, provides a resource to assist with addressing these issues and to help us to think about and decide our future direction.

Peter Moss - Daycare Trust -

In Working Better: Childcare Matters we turn our attention to the fourth �ask� from parents � affordable childcare. We draw on evidence from a wide range of sources including a comprehensive literature review of parents and childcare,2 a major survey of modern families,3 and How Fair is Britain? the Commission�s Triennial Review,4 to explore whether current childcare provision supports or hinders parents in their choices for work and care.

- Equality and Human Rights Commission -

Notes to the 2004 UK Act

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -

"An Act to make provision for the establishment of a Children’s Commissioner; to make provision about services provided to and for children and young people by local authorities and other persons; to make provision in relation to Wales about advisory and support services relating to family proceedings; to make provision about private fostering, child minding and day care, adoption review panels, the defence of reasonable punishment, the making of grants as respects children and families, child safety orders, the Children’s Commissioner for Wales, the publication of material relating to children involved in certain legal proceedings and the disclosure by the Inland Revenue of information relating to children." Far-ranging Act re services for children in the UK.

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -

We are calling on all parties to unite around the radical new social policy �Early Intervention�. We are convinced that it is cheaper and more sensible to tackle problems before they begin, rather than spend ever greater sums on ineffective remedial policies, whether they take the form of more prisons, police, drug rehabilitation or supporting longer and more costly lifetimes on benefits. The philosophy of Early Intervention goes much further than prevention. It is about breaking the intergenerational cycle of under achievement in many of our communities and enabling our communities over time to heal themselves.

- THE CENTRE FOR SOCIAL JUSTICE/ THE SMITH INSTITUTE, -

Conference presentation

Radhika Howorth - Radhika Howorth -

This literature review discusses mother tongue-based bilingual or multilingual education for children starting in early childhood. The report: (1) informs policy-makers of existing research and practices in mother-tongue instruction in early childhood and early primary school years; and (2) raises awareness of the value of maintaining the world�s languages and cultures by promoting and resourcing mother tongue-based education for young children.

Jessica Ball, M.P.H., Ph.D. University of Victoria - UNESCO -

With a renewed interest among educators in children�s self-perceptions and the development of social interaction skills, the concept of the verbal environment, formulated by Kostelnik, Stein, and Whiren (1988) more than 20 years ago, is worth revisiting .

Darrell Meece and Anne K. Soderman - Young Children � September 2010 -

With a renewed interest among educators in children�s self-perceptions and the development of social interaction skills, the concept of the verbal environment, formulated by Kostelnik, Stein, and Whiren (1988) more than 20 years ago, is worth revisiting .

Darrell Meece and Anne K. Soderman - Young Children � September 2010 -

A statistical survey of children's lives and situations 2002

- Office National Statistics -

"Each authority in England shall, in accordance with these Regulations, prepare and publish a plan (referred to in these Regulations as a children and young people’s plan) setting out the authority’s strategy for discharging their functions in relation to children and relevant young persons."

- HM Stationery Office -

Evaluation of the Children Fund's work in England and Wales by Ofsted, The Audit Commission and the Social Services Inspectorate. 2003

- HMSO -

"The Children’s Plan sets out our plans for the next ten years under each of the Department for Children, Schools and Families’ strategic objectives, with a chapter at the end looking at how we will make these reforms happen."

- Department for Children Schools and Families -

The full publication of the UK Government's Plan for Children,published 2007

- Department for Children, Schools and Familes - Cm 7280

Between September 2002 and March 2003, 18 first wave partnerships were inspected. The inspections took place at an early stage in the development of the fund and the visits lasted around two days. Thirteen partnerships were inspected by one of Her Majesty�s Inspectors of Schools (HMI) and a member of the Social Services Inspectorate (SSI). Two visits were made by an HMI and a member of the Audit Commission Inspection Service. Three visits were made by only HMI. A full description of the methods used in the inspection is included in annex B at the end of this report. This report reviews the findings of these visits. Inspectors made judgements about the outcomes, activities, planning and management of each programme. In addition, the outcomes, activities, planning and management of each service visited were evaluated.

2003 - Audit Commission, Ofsted, Social Services Inspectorate -

UK Children Go Online. This new research project, part of the ESRC�s E-Society Programme, focuses on the nature of children�s internet use. The report presents qualitative research findings, drawing on fourteen focus groups with children. The next step will be to survey internet-related attitudes and practices among 9-19 year olds across the UK.

- ESRC -

A survey of small voluntary and community sector organisations working with children, young people and families

Jordan Thompson - National Council of Voluntary Child Care Organisations -

Evidence on the impact of physical activity and its relationship to health A report from the Chief Medical Officer, UK. April 2004

- Department of Health -

For children and young people, a total of at least 60 minutes of at least moderate intensity physical activity each day is needed, and at least twice a week this should include activities to improve bone health (activities that produce high physical stresses on the bones), muscle strength and flexibility.

- Chief Medical Officer of Health England 2004 -

Conference Presentation

Damon Barrett - -

The�House�of�Commons��Health�Select�Committee�published�its�report�on�Obesity on�May�2004.�This�Command�Paper�sets�out�the�Government�s�response�to�the recommendations�in�that�r eport.

- DfES -

Children are becoming fatter which has serious implications for their health. One reason is their decreasing levels of physical activity. This is related to their lifestyles and reductions in the amount of walking. This note illustrates these effects and draws conclusions about children’s physical activity and car use.

Professor Roger Mackett - CENTRE FOR TRANSPORT STUDIES, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON -

The report evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of physical education in a small sample of primary and secondary schools between 2005 and 2008 and reports on the impact of the Physical Education, School Sport and Club Links strategy. Part A focuses on physical education, and identifies good practice in achievement, provision and leadership. Part B discusses what needs to be tackled by providers of physical education as we move towards 2012 and beyond.

- Ofsted, UK -

Play is crucial to children�s health and development and has an important role in addressing concerns about increases in obesity and mental health. Targeted play provision works at different levels of need. Some projects haveused play in order to support children.

- Play England -

Any number of factors can contribute to a person becoming involved in the criminal justice system, including a history of trauma or victimization. Over 93,000 children are currently locked up in juvenile correctional facilities around the country. Research shows that while up to 34 percent of children in the United States have experienced at least one traumatic event, between 75 and 93 percent of youth entering the juvenile justice system annually in this country are estimated to have experienced some degree of trauma.

- Justice Policy Institute -

This seminal Report brings together various contributions examining the loss of freedom to access their environments on their own over a period of decades.

Meyer Hillman - Policy Studies Institure -

After lengthy debate the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) approved a Final Interpretive Rule on applying the term �children�s product� used in the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act (CPSIA). The rule is designed to provide manufacturers, importers and other interested parties a �better understanding� of how the Agency evaluates whether an item is a children�s product and, therefore, subject to special requirements under the CPSIA.

- www.bryancave.com -

The research is based on five years� data covering over 120,000 child road casualties and is the first time that such a detailed study has been conducted. The findings indicate that children living in Preston are more than twice as likely to be injured on the road than the national average, and five times more likely than those in Kensington & Chelsea.

- Road Safety Analysis, -

Landmark judgment - The Supreme Court unanimously dismissed the appeal and repeated the declaration of the lower courts that s 82(1) Sexual Offences Act 2003 was incompatible with Article 8 because it made no provision for individual review of the notification requirements.

- The UK Supreme Court -

Presentation at Conference

Richard Wortley - -

Research with the general public for the Criminal Records Bureau. This report presents the findings of a survey among members of the general public. The research was conducted by Ipsos MORI on behalf of the CRB (Criminal Records Bureau). The objectives of the research were to gauge awareness of the CRB, attitudes towards the CRB’s role and effectiveness and – in particular – perceptions of the impact of CRB checks on crime, the fear of crime and job applicants. A similar study was conducted by Ipsos MORI for the CRB in 2005. This report both analyses the findings from 2008, and tracks any changes in public awareness and perceptions of the CRB over time May-June 2008

- Ipsos MORI -

A Congressional Inquiry was held March 13, 2004 in San Bernardino, California to hear testimony and receive evidence of what many parents, grandparents, and advocacy organizations describe as “a festering cauldron of fraud, corruption, abuse of power and exploitation of children.”

- -

from The Child Exploitation and Online Protection (CEOP) Centre

- CEOP -

Pack for Responsible Officers Participating in the Umbrella Scheme operated by Fair Play for Children within the CRB and ISA systems

Jan Cosgrove - Fair Play for Children -

C hild Protection in United Nations Peacekeeping: Volume I is the first in a series illustrating the challenges and successes of protecting children in some of the most dangerous places on earth. In the following pages you will learn about the work of Dee, Svjetlana, James and Julie�peacekeepers and child protection advisers who rely on their diverse individual experience at home and in the field to introduce the relatively new concept of child protection to missions in distinct conflict and post-conflict situations.

- United Nations -

Conference presentation

Dr. Tufail Muhammad Khan - -

Initial Steps being undertaken by the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) to set up the Vetting and Barring Scheme (VBS) starting October 2009 in the UK

- ISA -

A new decision of the Information Tribunal supports the supremacy of the data protection principles, includes clear criticism of the failure of the police to grapple properly with the data protection principles and dismisses arguments that the ACPO code on retention of data constitutes a valid code for the PNC.

- Society for Computers & Law -

What IS a volunteer as defined by the CRB when people are applying for checks? This document helps guide through a complicated area!

- Cabinet Office -

We have no idea of the number of people who offend on the Internet. We can examine conviction rates, but these reflect only the countries where possession and distribution of child pornography is both illegal and where there are either the resources or inclination to act upon detection.

Ed. Ethel Quayle and Matthieu Latapy - -

The Proposal for a Directive in this field is very much welcomed by the FRA, on the basis of the startling evidence of sexual abuse, sexual exploitation of children and child pornography in the European Union.

- FRA -

Review of cases of 2 Anglican priests in the Chichester Diocese of the Church of England

Elizabeth Butler-Sloss - -

The Independent Safeguarding Authority�s (ISA) Referral Guidance is for use when considering or making a referral. � there is harm or risk of harm to children or vulnerable adults, relevant conduct has occurred or � an individual has received a caution or conviction for a relevant offence. This Guidance will help employers, personnel suppliers, volunteer coordinators and other bodies in England, Wales and Northern Ireland to: � understand their duties to refer information to the ISA under the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 (2006 Act) and the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups (Northern Ireland) Order 2007 (2007 Order); � understand ISA referral policies and processes; and � complete the ISA Referral Form.

- Independent Safeguarding Authority� -

1. The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups (SVG) Act, which gained Royal Assent in November 2006, was introduced specifically in response to recommendation 19 of the 2004 Bichard Inquiry report. The Act provides the legal framework for the new Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA) scheme. Provisions in the Act which do not extend to Northern Ireland were replicated in the Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups (Northern Ireland) Order 2007, made on 2 May 2007. 7. This response sets out the results of the consultation and is structured around the questions posed in the document. It highlights key messages raised in responses, and indicates our approach in reply to some of the issues raised. This paper does not attempt to respond to every single point made in consultation responses, but it does address the main themes.

- Home Office -

Workshop presented 20th October 2006 at the 17th Annual Texas Statewide Annual Conference, Austin

Wayne D. Duehn, PhD - The Author -

Landmark judgment re the Vetting and Barring Scheme - IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE

Mr Justice Wyn Williams: - -

These appeals arise out of two independent claims for judicial review. The first was brought by F. When he was eleven years old he committed a number of serious sexual offences, including two offences of rape, on a six year old boy. The second claim was brought by Mr Thompson. He was born on 1 March 1951. On 12 December 1996 he was sentenced to 5 years' imprisonment, concurrent, on two counts of indecent assault on his daughter, together with other concurrent sentences for assault occasioning actual bodily harm. These sentences automatically brought into effect the notification requirements which were the subject of the appeals which succeeded.

- -

Two approaches exist around the provision of welfare and child protection, traditionally the family alone was responsible for child welfare, the other approach incorporates the state as having a role in child protection. The second school of thought is reflected in the sociologically based postmodernist school which champions the post-World War II welfare state. According to writers such as Pierre Bourdieu, 'welfare policies are the primary vehicles for Governments to help people through change'. (1) By contrast, the North American neoliberal 'Chicago School of Economics' argues that modern economies cannot afford the burden of welfare programs in competitive global markets, and that there is no moral or social obligation for the state to provide support to families.

- Labour History -

This is the fourth and final report in 4Children�s Give Me Strength campaign, which has called for an end to wasting money and wasting lives by allowing family dramas turn into crises. Our previous reports on the causes of family instability, postnatal depression and family violence can be found online at www.givemestrength.org.uk.

- 4Children -

Play England responds to the Consultation by the UK Government concerning Child Protection

- Play England -

The concept of intelligence-led policing underpins all aspects of policing, from neighbourhood policing and partnership work to the investigation of serious and organised crime and terrorism. Within the framework of the National Intelligence Model, the effective and efficient collection, recording, dissemination and retention of information allows for the identification of material which can be assessed for intelligence value and enables decision-making about priorities and tactical options. Where information has been derived from human sources, whether members of the public, criminals or police staff, additional risks and considerations arise about the management of such material. It is, therefore, important that staff understand the role that they play in the intelligence-led policing process, and how they can achieve the best results.

Produced on behalf of the Association of Chief Police Officers - National Centre for Policing Excellence -

Steps being taken towards the new scheme and issues for those using it.

- Independent Safeguarding Authority -

Projections by Fair Play, based on figures showing Perpetrators by Relationship to Victims (2004 figures) and the disproportionately large number of child victims where the offender is in a non-family, Professional relationship.

Jan Cosgrove - Fair Play for Children -

Literature Review 2004

- Dartington Social Research Unit -

The regulation of childcare and related activities coming into force in the UK in September 2008

- Ofsted -

Consultation undertaken by ISA with stakeholders on issues relating to the setting up of the Vetting and Barring Scheme in the UK

- Independent Safeguarding Authority -

Report of the Inquiry Team to the Health Service Executive 27/10/2010

Norah Gibbons, Paul Harrison, Leonie Lunny and Gerry O�Neil - -

This factsheet explains the background to the Act and some of the details within the Act. You can read the full Act and its Explanatory Notes in this Library or on the Office of Public Sector Information website at www.opsi.gov.uk

- Independent Safeguarding Authority -

Notes published by HMSO

- Her Majesty’s Stationery OYce -

The text of the UK Act, which set up the Independent Safeguarding Authority, which establishes 2 lists of people barred from working with (1) Children (2) Vulnerable Adults

- Her Majesty’s Stationery OYce -

Following investigation of allegations of sexual assault RM was arrested on 26 February 2008 and charged with offences relating to two youths. The following day the investigation was declared a major incident (Operation Presley) and offences against eight boys and youths were uncovered. 1.2 RM was charged with 28 offences. He pleaded guilty to a specimen number including attempted rape and other sexual assaults. RM was sentenced on 20 September 2008 at Teesside Crown Court to an indefinite term for public protection in prison, with the stipulation that he serve a minimum of seven years before he may apply for parole.

Jack Blackmore - SOUTH TEES LOCAL SAFEGUARDING CHILDREN’S BOARD -

This report reviews the literature relating to sex offending against children. It is aimed at the UK police service, and focuses on those studies that have most relevance to police officers in their interaction with individuals who sexually offend against children. It covers three broad areas: the extent and nature of child sexual abuse, the characteristics of offenders, and the risks posed by them, and the ways in which those risks can be managed.

Don Grubin - me Office UK -

This document addresses legal and practical issues related to the practice colloquially known as sexting. It was created by Harvard Law School�s Cyberlaw Clinic, based at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society, for the Berkman Center�s Youth and Media Policy Working Group Initiative.1 The Initiative is exploring policy issues that fall within three substantive clusters emerging from youth�s information and communications technology practices: Risky Behaviors and Online Safety; Privacy, Publicity and Reputation; and Youth Created Content and Information Quality.

Dena T. Sacco, with Rebecca Argudin, James Maguire, and Kelly Tallon - Berkman Center for Internet & Society, Harvard University -

Notes re the 2003 UK Act

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -

"An Act to make new provision about sexual offences, their prevention and the protection of children from harm from other sexual acts, and for connected purposes." Widening and clarifying the law.

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -

Following the death of Brandon Muir, those charged with leading and managing child protection services in Dundee commissioned two separate reviews. A significant case review was commissioned in line with national guidance to examine the particular circumstances surrounding the child protection issues, and the role of the various authorities involved. Separately, an independent review was commissioned by the Chief Officers Group to ensure validation of the Significant Case Review, but also to address wider issues which may emerge, not necessarily related to the death of Brandon.

Jimmy Hawthorn, Peter Wilson - Dundee CYPPC -

Keeping children and young people safe is a top priority. It is the responsibility of us all. That is why this consultation document seeks to promote discussion about how we could all do that better. Its purpose is to set out how we can work together to help children and young people stay safe, and make the most of their talents and new opportunities to fulfil their potential.

- Department for Children, Schools and Families - 978-1-84478-974-0

In recent years there have been increasingly negative debates about both the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) system of checks on people working with children and adults at risk of abuse, as well as the proposed Vetting and Barring system managed by the Independent Safeguarding Authority. Some of that criticism has been about a perception of very bureaucratic and costly processes, while other criticisms have been about the degree of intrusion which these systems are seen to represent into the lives of ordinary people.

- Action on Elder Abuse -

Action for Children and Youth Aotearoa Incorporated (ACYA) is a coalition of nongovernmental organizations, families and individuals whose purpose is to promote the well-being of children and young people in Aotearoa New Zealand.

- ACYA -

West Texas State School is a secure facility for young men. This publication documents allegations of abuse involving senior staff. Texas Youth Commission is the official body running such facilities.

- Texas Youth Commission -

A Public Inquiry Report on child protection procedures in Humberside Police and Cambridgeshire Constabulary, particularly the effectiveness of relevant intelligence-based record keeping, vetting practices since 1995 and information sharing with other agencies. This report makes recommendations on matters of local and national relevance.

Sir Richard Bichard - London: The Stationery Office -

A Public Inquiry Report on child protection procedures in Humberside Police and Cambridgeshire Constabulary, particularly the effectiveness of relevant intelligence-based record keeping, vetting practices since 1995 and information sharing with other agencies. This report makes recommendations on matters of local and national relevance.

Sir Michael Bichard - The Stationery Office -

The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (“SORNA” or “the Act”), which is title I of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-248), provides a new comprehensive set of minimum standards for sex offender registration and notification in the United States. These Guidelines are issued to provide guidance and assistance to covered jurisdictions—the 50 States, the District of Columbia, the principal U.S. territories, and Indian tribal governments—in implementing the SORNA standards in their registration and notification programs.

- US Department of Justice - June 2008

The report is divided into six parts. This first part provides an explanation of my methodology, along with background information relevant to the matters covered by this Review. This background information does not set out to be an exhaustive summary of the matters covered, but is provided in order to assist understanding of the matters covered in depth later in the Report.

Nick Pollard - BBC/Reed Smith -

The Government’s response to Lord Laming. Ministers announced to Parliament on 12 November 2008 that they had asked Lord Laming to prepare an independent report of progress being made nationally in the delivery of arrangements to protect children, and to identify any barriers to effective, consistent implementation and how these might be overcome. On 12 March 2009, Lord Laming’s report, The Protection of Children in England: A Progress Report was published.

- Department for Children Schools and Families UK -

In these consolidated cases, we resolve identical constitutional challenges to the civil commitment provision of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 (the "Act")�18 U.S.C. � 4248 (2006).

DIANA GRIBBON MOTZ, Circuit Judge: - -

Judgment in key case concerning constitutionality of the Act passed in the wake of the kidnapping of 6 year old Adam Walsh

Judge Motz wrote the opinion, in which Chief Judge Traxler and Judge Agee joined. - -

A law allowing the indefinite confinement of "sexually dangerous" federal inmates after their prison terms end does not violate their due process rights, an appeals court has ruled.

- US Appeal Courts Fourth Circuit -

This report is the outcome of a review and draws on stakeholder consultation. It has concluded that employers have a critical role to play in ensuring safe recruiting practices but that this should be supported by a proportionate central barring scheme.

- The Stationery Office -

The VBS was established as a result of the Bichard Enquiry, which followed the Soham Murders, that recommended that all those who work with vulnerable groups should be registered

- Home Office UK -

In summer 2011, the Child Protection All Party Parliamentary Group held an enquiry into the implementation of the Government�s changes to the vetting and barring and criminal records disclosure systems.

Child Protection All Party Parliamentary Group - NSPCC -

In summer 2011, the Child Protection All Party Parliamentary Group held an enquiry into the implementation of the Government�s changes to the vetting and barring and criminal records disclosure systems.

The Child Protection All Party Parliamentary Group - -

A guide to inter-agency working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children

- HMSO UK -

Response by Ian Fletcher, Research Psychologist, The Lucy Faithfull Foundation to figures produced by Fair Play for Children

Ian Fletcher - Fair Play for Children -

The overall objective for the review is (a) to provide member states with an analysis of the extent to which legislation and policy in their country complies with the rights in the UN Convention of the rights of the child pertaining to children and young people�s participation and influence in decision‐making; (b) to give member states advice and recommendations that will help them to implement international and national provisions on child and youth participation in practice; (c) to work towards a comparative framework in the field of child and youth participation in different member states and identify �parameters� of participation.

- Council of Europe -

The overall objective for the review is (a) to provide member states with an analysis of the extent to which legislation and policy in their country complies with the rights in the UN Convention of the rights of the child pertaining to children and young people�s participation and influence in decision‐making; (b) to give member states advice and recommendations that will help them to implement international and national provisions on child and youth participation in practice; (c) to work towards a comparative framework in the field of child and youth participation in different member states and identify �parameters� of participation.

- Council of Europe -

This report explores young adults� decisionmaking around alcohol against a cultural backdrop of historically high levels of consumption, affordability and availability in the UK.

Peter Seaman and Theresa Ikegwuonu - - Joseph Rowntree Foundation

Music Maker was Youth Music’s first programme. Initially it ran from 30 November 1999 to 31 March 2001. There were 508 applications and 180 awards. The maximum time for which funding was available was two years. While most projects had to be completed by 30 September 2002, some were extended to December 2002 and a few to March 2003. Applications were invited for grants between �7,500 and �30,000 per year for up to two years. The programme ran across the UK, but almost every grant to Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland was for one year only because of the shortage of funds to be spent outside England.

- Youth Music -

This is a report about young people and communities. It explores how young people talk about their community and the activities and support they want to see provided out of school. It starts by focusing on young people in just one neighbourhood and ends by using their experiences to look at how well teenagers are provided for across England. It argues that providing good services and activities for teenagers is vital for building strong communities that feel safe, vibrant and supportive for everyone.

Laura Edwards and Becky Hatch December 2003 - IPPR -

A report into young people�s participation in sport

- Office of the Deputy Prime Minister 2004 -

This report describes the findings of the 2003 Young People’s Social Attitudes survey, a survey of 12 to 19 year olds. The interviews were carried out in connection with the British Social Attitudes (BSA) survey, an annual survey of adults aged 18 and over. Research Report No 564

Alison Park, Miranda Phillips and Mark Johnson - Department for Education and Skills -

Evidence that youth engaged in organized sport are not likely to participate in criminal activities

David Carmichael - -

Project in Weston-Super-Mare UK

- -

3. Section 507B of the Education Act 1996 - introduced through section 6 of the Education and Inspections Act 2006 - ensures for the first time that a single body � working within the context of the children�s trust - holds lead responsibility for securing young people�s access to positive activities. The legislation also creates new legal requirements that place young people at the heart of decision making regarding the positive activity provision available to them, and which require local authorities to build in contestability when securing provision. In keeping with the legislation, local authorities should not assume the role of default provider of positive activities and should instead use planning and commissioning processes to identify the most appropriate provider; utilising the strengths of organisations within the voluntary and private sectors alongside those of the local authority itself (see paragraphs 64-75).

- Department for Education UK -

A report into young people’s participation in sport

- Office of the Deputy Prime Minister UK -

There is a tension between the climate of budget reductions in spring 2010 and the continued policy emphasis on early intervention and prevention. The funding of statutory and voluntary youth services appears to be vulnerable in the face of the well-known requirements on local authorities to deliver statutory services such as social care and child protection. However, there is a basis for youth work in statute and statutory guidance. This paper draws together legislation and policy, supported by evidence from research. It is to be used by those advocating the continued provision of youth work and youth services. The briefing summarises the key provisions and arguments. The appendix sets out the clauses referred to in the paper to ease access to the detailed evidence.

- Department for Education - 2011

The briefing summarises the key provisions and arguments. The appendix sets out the clauses referred to in the paper to ease access to the detailed evidence.

- Department for Education UK -

Using Sports and leisure activities to prevent anti-social behaviour by young people

- The Audit Commission, UK -

Memorandum dated 12th March 2009 from Howard E. Williams, Chief of Police, City of San Marcos, CA, to Rick Menchaca, City Manager, raising point that current juvenile curfew ordinance had expired and the Council needed to consider whether or not to replace it.

Howard E Williams - City of San Marcos, CA -

The disproportionate minority confinement (DMC) mandate of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (JJDP) Act requires states to develop and implement strategies to address and reduce the overrepresentation of minority youth in secure facilities. In an effort to facilitate compliance with the mandate, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) sponsored demonstration projects in five pilot states. In Phase I of OJJDP's DMC Initiative, each pilot state assessed the extent of DMC in its juvenile justice system. In Phase II, each state designed and implemented strategies to address the disproportionate representation identified in Phase I.

- U. S. Department of Justice -

Thisreportmakesthecaseforamoretherapeuticandfamily-basedapproachtoyouthoffending,as opposedtothepresent,morepunitive,system.Theargumentsfortheproposedapproachappear persuasive–notonlyonhumanitariangrounds,butalsointermsofeconomicsandefficacy.

Julia Margo - Institute for Public Policy Research -

This report makes the case for a more therapeutic and family-based approach to youth offending, as opposed to the present, more punitive, system. The arguments for the proposed approach appear persuasive – not only on humanitarian grounds, but also in terms of economics and efficacy.

Julia Margo - IPPR -

ACYA would strongly support further research into the identifiers of child offending, and the effectiveness of the rehabilitation programmes operated by the Ministry of Social Development. There is a lack of quality research relating to child offending in New Zealand.

- Action for Children and Youth Aotearoa Incorporated (ACYA) -

On behalf of the Campaign for Youth Justice (CFYJ), a national organization dedicated to ending the practice of trying, sentencing, and incarcerating youth under the age of 18 in the adult criminal justice system, I am respectfully submitting my testimony and recommendations on the confirmation of Thomas Faust as well as Department of Corrections (DOC) oversight issues and on the status of D.C. youth prosecuted in adult criminal court.

Liz Ryan - Campaign for Youth Justice -

Understanding how the brain develops could help determine whether Illinois raises the age at which teenagers are tried in adult court.

Alissa Groeninger - The Chicago Reporter; Sep/Oct 2010; 39, 5 -

In England and Wales, young people between the ages of 10 and 17 can be 1 held criminally responsible for their actions. Provisional data shows that young people committed 201,800 offences in 2009‑10. Although they make up only 11 per cent of the population above the age of criminal responsibility, in 2009 people in this age group were responsible for 17 per cent of all proven offending.

- National Audit Office -

Funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), the Commission for Racial Equality and the Equality and Human Rights Commission, the research shows that black and mixed-race youths are over-represented in the youth justice system. This over-representation starts at the point of entry into the system, and is largely preserved as young suspects and defendants pass through it.

- Physorg -

In developing this strategy, ACPO Youth Issues Group has been determined to ensure that the police service response to this complex and largely new area of work is consistent with existing business approaches and policies. In order to achieve this it is structured with four key themes and a number of cross-cutting agendas that gives the flexibility needed to embrace any new elements of legislation or practice.

- ACPO -

An Act to provide for the establishment and functions of the Charity Commission for England and Wales and the Charity Tribunal; to make other amendments of the law about charities, including provision about charitable incorporated organisations; to make further provision about public charitable collections and other fund-raising carried on in connection with charities and other institutions; to make other provision about the funding of such institutions; and for connected purposes.

- HMSO UK -

Notes to the 2006 UK Act

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -

The UK 2006 Act regulating Charities

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -

The Charity Commission commissioned Opinion Leader because it sought a better understanding of what the public understands and expects on issues related to public benefit. In particular, the Charity Commission wished to ascertain where, and how big, the gaps are between what the public understands about the benefit that charities provide, what public benefit they would expect to see charities providing, and what case law will currently support.

Opinion Leader - The Charity Commission -

Text of the UK legislation updating charity law with important new duties for trustees etc

- HMSO -

Our vision is of a society in which we will be united by our common concern for the well being of others; a society in which we enrich our own lives by enriching the lives of others through the giving of time. This may be through offering services to individuals,or it may be through working for a better society in other ways.

- The Commission on the Future of Volunteering, 2008 - 978-1-906111-03-8

This publication is intended as a commonsense guide for trustees and others regarding their responsibilities under the duty to forsee and manage risks that their charity may face.

Chris Stoddard, LLB - DRF Group LTD. -

DRF Group Ltd. has prepared this basic guide to the main provisions of the new Data Protection Act (referred to as “the Act” in this booklet) as it affects fundraising. Most of it came into force on October 23rd 2001

Chris Stoddard, LLB - DRF Group LTD. -

A Demand for Fundamental Changes at the Bridgestone/Firestone Rubber Plantation in Liberia

- Save My Future Foundation, June 2008 -

All-party groups are unofficial, and have a membership of backbench Members of the House of Commons, or of both Houses. They are classified either as subject groups (relating to a particular topic eg. forestry) or country groups (relating to a particular country or region). The groups tend on the whole to cover subjects which are not generally contentious in party terms. These groups flourish and wane according to the interests and enthusiasm of Members and with the topicality of various subjects. They reflect the interests of the day and therefore may change frequently. Over the years since 1945, it has been argued, less and less influence has been exerted by backbench Members in the formulation of government policy, and there has been insufficient consultation between backbenchers and Ministers. All-party groups can sometimes serve as a counterbalance to this. They have a liaison function and can, when necessary, exert pressure on a Minister to modify policy or influence legislation and further action in particular areas. They thus play a part in the flexible pattern of consultation that Governments nowadays employ in order to sound out views both inside and outside Parliament.

- House of Commons Information Office -

- Bognor Fun Bus -

"An Act to make provision for the National Criminal Intelligence Service and the National Crime Squad; to make provision about entry on and interference with property and with wireless telegraphy in the course of the prevention or detection of serious crime; to make provision for the Police Information Technology Organisation; to provide for the issue of certificates about criminal records; to make provision about the administration and organisation of the police: to repeal certain enactments about rehabilitation of offenders; and for connected purposes." This major legislation set-up a National database of criminal records, and also established the Criminal Records Bureau in the wake of the Cullen Report into the Dunblane Massacre tragedy.

- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office -